For a video for the first law of thermodynamics i thought we could video tape water boiling over a stove. I thought that becasue the 1st law states that “energy can be changed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.” Which boiling water goes from no steam to steam rising up becasue of the water boiling. A video for the second law i thought we could do something that runs on batteries becasue the second law states that the Potential Energy of the state will always be less than it started like a battery. When you first buy a battery it has alot of power but once you have used up all the energy/power it runs out and you will need to change the battery so the item you are trying to use can work again.

march 4, 2009

Climate impacts on Enviroment.

Climate impacts on Enviroment in many ways. The most important way i think is the fact that in every season the weather is very important for growing plants and harvesting the plants. In the Spring thats usually when it’s a good time for all the farmers to start growing their plants since the soil is moist. In between the spring and summer thats usually when all the crops everyone plants start to grow and is ready to be eaten. In the late summer the plants usually starts to die becasue there isn’t much rian in the summer there for the soil is dried and the plants are unable to grow. In the Fall some plants like corn, pumpkin, and such are able to be grown but you have to keep in mind the fall is usually the first sighn of frost. The winter is usually when all the plants and grass dead and unable to be grown because the ground and where everyone grows there crops are covered with snow which obviously makes it hard for food to be grown in that area. This is how weather affects enviroment.

The 3 different types of energy changing forms that i chose was 1. a roller coaster 2. the game of tennis and the 3rd one is skating. The energy that is involved with a roller coaster are Potential and Kinetic energy. The potential energy accumulated by the rise in height is transferred to kinetic energy as the cars race down the first downward slope. Kinetic energy is then converted back into potential energy as the train moves up again to the second peak. This hill is necessarily lower, as some mechanical energy is lost to friction. In the game of tennis the types of energy found in in the game are mechanical and chemical energies. One that IS present in the game is thermal energy (heat) and that gives off when you actually play the game. When you start building thermal energy, you produce sweat. Two other types of energy found in the sport are potential energy and kinetic energy. When the ball ball is at the highest piont when two people are hitting the ball back and forth it gives off Potential Energy. There for everything up to and after the highest piont would be the Kinetic Energy. Some of the Physics of Ice skating are Kinetic and Potential energy and Friction but there are alot more. Potential and Kinetic energy comes off kind of like a tenis game but when girls or guys do tricks and they are at there highest piont in there trick it’s called Potential energy and everything befor and after is the Kinetic Energy. Friction becasue Friction is a force that dissipates energy. It also occurs when sliding an object over a surface such as the blades of an ice skating blade rubbing on the ice to move about. The molecules in the surface bond with the molecules in the body causing the sliding motion to be resisted. This force is directed along the surface and opposite to the direction of the motion. Friction is what keeps one foot planted on the ground as the other one steps forward. Otherwise, without friction, the shift in weight would cause us to slide around. Also most braking systems use friction as their main component. When you squeeze the brakes on a 10 speed bike, a small rubber brake is pressed against both sides of the bike tire. The friction of the brake pad against the wheel causes the rotational energy of the wheel to be dissipated or removed by transfering it to heat and sound energy.

All 3 of these have Entropy in common. Your probably asking how.. well the answer to that is because In thermodynamics, entropy is an extensive state function that accounts for the effects of irreversibility in thermodynamic systems, particularly in heat engines during an engine cycle.

Atomic number
33
Atomic mass
74.9216 g.mol -1
Electronegativity according to Pauling
2.0
Density
5.7 g.cm-3 at 14°C
Melting point
814 °C (36 atm)
Boiling point
615 °C (sublimation)

Arsenic appears in three allotropic forms: yellow, black and grey; the stable form is a silver-gray, brittle crystalline solid. It tarnishes rapidly in air, and at high temperatures burns forming a white cloud of arsenic trioxide. Arsenic is a member of group Va of the periodic table, which combines readily with many elements.
The metallic form is brittle, tharnishes and when heated it rapidly oxidizes to arsenic trioxide, which has a garlic odor. The non metallic form is less reactive but will dissolve when heated with strong oxidizing acids and alkalis.

Arsenic can be found naturally on earth in small concentrations. It occurs in soil and minerals and it may enter air, water and land through wind-blown dust and water run-off. Arsenic in the atmosphere comes from various sources: vulcanoes release about 3000 tonnes per year and microorganisms release volatile methylarsines to the extent of 20.000 tonnes per year, but human activity is responsible for much more: 80.000 tonnes of arsenic per year are released by the burning of fossil fuels.

Arsenic is one of the most toxic elements that can be found. Despite their toxic effect, inorganic arsenic bonds occur on earth naturally in small amounts. Humans may be exposed to arsenic through food, water and air. Exposure may also occur through skin contact with soil or water that contains arsenic.
Levels of arsenic in food are fairly low, as it is not added due to its toxicity. But levels of arsenic in fish and seafood may be high, because fish absorb arsenic from the water they live in. Luckily this is mainly the fairly harmless organic form of arsenic, but fish that contain significant amounts of inorganic arsenic may be a danger to human health.

The arsenic cycle has broadened as a consequence of human interference and due to this, large amounts of arsenic end up in the environment and in living organisms. Arsenic is mainly emitted by the copper producing industries, but also during lead and zinc production and in agriculture. It cannot be destroyed once it has entered the environment, so that the amounts that we add can spread and cause health effects to humans and animals on many locations on earth.

Plants absorb arsenic fairly easily, so that high-ranking concentrations may be present in food. The concentrations of the dangerous inorganic arsenics that are currently present in surface waters enhance the chances of alteration of genetic materials of fish. This is mainly caused by accumulation of arsenic in the bodies of plant-eating freshwater organisms. Birds eat the fish that already contain eminent amounts of arsenic and will die as a result of arsenic poisoning as the fish is decomposed in their bodies.

www.webelements.com/arsenic/
http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/33.html
http://mineral.galleries.com/minerals/elements/arsenic/arsenic.htm

On november 10th 2008, our Enviromental Science went to a Buffalo Farm in Rutland and we also saw the the Pine hill Reservoir. For many of us it was our first time seeing a Bison. Bisons is also called Buffalo. When we saw the Buffalo there was 30 of them but there was more than 60 Buffalos at the Alsta Vista Bison Farm. They all were in corner of a pen all huddled together to keep warm. The Bison ate all the grass and where they were laying down it was all dirt. They are 100% grass fed meat. Bison’s are symbloitic and they hurd together. Bison meat are very nutrious and they have less fat in the meat.
The Alsta Vista Bison Farm was used to be a dairy farm but now it’s a Buffalo farm. At the farm they provide the Buffalo’s but they send the Buffalo’s far away so they can kill them for their meat and then they send the meat to them.
On November 10th we also saw the Pine Hill Reservoir. We went down a dirt path and on the right you could see a little creek leading to the Pine Hill Reservoir. The body of water is protected from pollution, Rutland and all the towns surrounding it gets there water from there. The Pine Hill Reservoir holds 2971 million gallons of water. It is 744 feet high.
Over all the field trip was very exciting and i wish i can go back to the Bison Farm and go to the store and buy Bison meat and try it for the first time.

On Monday November 3rd the whole Evnviromental Science class went to an orchard called Nicewicz Family Farm. At the orchard there wasn’t just apple trees on the orchard but also peaches, blueberries, vegtables, pumpkin, beans, corns, squash, plums and many more. The farm was a family farm and was passed on from 1 family member to the next. The farm it self was built in 1929. When the orchard was first made it was only a peach farm but then they decided it should be more than just a peach farm so they added more vegtables and fruits. The farm also had cows in it at one time. When i first walked by an apple tree i saw that there was this nice red round apple hanging from the tree branch and i thought to my self, isn’t it too cold for an apple to grow? Then the tour guide told us that it trickes bugs into lading on it which they stick onto the “apple” and the bugs eventually die. It’s 1 less bug to land on the other apples and ruin them. Another thing that helped the farm to decrease the bugs that ruined the fruit plants were, leaf minors. The leaf minors traped the buggs that try to lay eggs on the leaves. This orchard uses 500 gallon of pesticides for the whole entire orchard. At the end of this field trip we got too drink some cider that they made with the apples they grew. The apple cider was very delicous and i hope to go back next year and maby pick some apples if they allow people to.

Resources:

1) 116 Saywer Road, Bolton MA 01741
Facts about the farm
2) http://www.nicewiczfarm.com/index.htm
pictures of the Family farm

    In the week of the 20th-25th we started to brainstorm some facts about food for our box group project in class. So far Sean, Nick and i found 4 facts about food. They consist of: 76000000 gets food piosing out of about 305,460,000, so that’s about 25% that gets food piosing in the United States. The second fact was that 100 billion dollors worth of food is wasted each year which is 1/3 of all food. The 3rd fact is that in order to support life and transfer amoutns of energy to plants from the soil the soil needs 45% materials, 5% organic matter, 25% atmospheric air, and 25% water for the soil. Our last fact was that 12 children die every minute from hunger.

     Then later on that week we went to the Buffone Garden and observed all of the plants and found out that there is no longer plant living life in the garden except for some peppers which some are shivered up becasue of how cold it is outside. We talked about the compost on friday and found out that the worms in the compost do alot of work to keep the soil good.

 

Sources:

1. http://library.thinkquest.org/C002291/high/present/stats.htm

        Hunger Statistics

2. http://www.faqs.org/health/Sick-V2/Food-Poisoning.html

         Food Poising

3. http://www.endhunger.org/stop_the_waste.htm

       Wasted Food

There are 305,460,000 people in the United States and 76,000,000 get food poisoning each year. What percent of people in the United States get food poisoning?  

WORK = 305,460,000 / 76,000,000 = 25%

Friday, October 10Th the whole Period B Environmental Science class went to the Coopers Hilltop Dairy Farm. At Coopers Hilltop Dairy Farm we saw many cows, 2 bunnies, the cutest dog, a lot of corn fields and learned about how Dairy Farms grow crops and get milk to sell everyone so we can all drink good milk. Coopers Hilltop Dairy Farm put there fresh milk in a 40 degree huge freezer. When i walked in the room it was really cold, thank goodness we were wearing either a jacket or a sweatshirt or we would’ve freezed our butts off. After, she took us to where all the cows were kept. There i learned that they milk 3 to 4 cows at a time with this utter sucker things. What i learned was that cows are a very quiet for such a big animal. When i heard that i thought that they were just joshing me because i always thought they all would be mooing all night long.  Another thing i learned was that depending on what you want your calf to look like, you would have to find a male cow that has the physical appearance that you want your calf to have or look like. When you find the male cow you like you would get that cow to have a baby with a female cow.

   Ever wondered why cows always move there mouth all the time? Well on October 10th i found the answer to that question. When the cows eat hay, grass, grain or any other things they eat they don’t eat it all which make them chew all the time, and that would be why there mouths are always moving. What i found interesting was that cows are allowed to eat corn but only if they are swished up to tiny little pieces by a machine which crushes it all together.  They have to wait 2 to 3 weeks be for they feed the corn to the cows though or they get sick and it’s not good for them.

    At the corn field they get an inch of rain a week in the summer. Coopers Hilltop Dairy Farm had 35 acres of corn. There fields were called Drum Land and was formed from North to South. There are a lot of different types of corn. The Coopers HilltopDairy Farm use Pacstine Soil which is the state soil found in Packston of course. They use that because it’s the easiest to get and it is very good for all the plants. This field trip was very fun and i learned a lot from the field trip i hope we go back soon.

   

 Today we went on a fie trip to Neighborhood Garden with Mr. Carroll our Environmental Science Teacher. There are not many vegetables I like to eat but I do like to have lettuce on my sandwiches and corn on the cobb with butter. The neatest  looking plant was the sunflower and it really does look like the sun. I remember my Uncle Jim eating sunflower see when I was little but I never really knew what a sunflower plant looked like.The pumpkins were neat and reminded me of Halloween when we would carve a face on the pumpkin and roast the see in the oven. I thought the eggplant was really weird looking. I picked an eggplantand brought it home to show my mother.  My mother loves to eat eggplant Parmesan. She is going to cook it for me. I also saw tomatoes,cabbage,peppers,and squash. seeing these plant in a garden was very different from seeing them in at Stop and Shop. I never realized how much time and attention it takes to grow these plants.I do not like tomatoes but I think I might try cabbage and squash. The cabbage looks a lot like lettuce and the squash is kind of neat looking and I know my parents eat it all the time. Butter nut squash is my Mom and Dads favorite vegetable. My first question is, which of these plants are vegetables and which ones are fruit? The second question is what is it that makes a vegetable a vegetable and a fruit a fruit.I My third question is were these plants already here when Columbus discovered America?

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